Breast Cancer A Widespread Condition And A Genuine...

Introduction: Cancer is a widespread condition and a genuine wellbeing issue(1). More than one in three individuals will add to some type of cancer at some stage in their lifetime. There are several distinct sorts of cancer(1). The most widely recognized cancer in Saudi Arabia in 2010 are: Breast Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), Thyroid Cancer, Leukemia(2). The frequency of cancer in Saudi Arabia reported by the Saudi Cancer Registry between January 01 and December 31, 2010 was 13,706 cases. General growth was more among women than men(2). Figure 1 (showing the most cancer incident and type diagnosed in the year of 2010) (2) As figure 1 showing that the most widely recognized cancer in females is breast cancer(3). The number of cases of female breast cancer for year 2010 were 1473. breast cancer positioned first between females representing 27.4% of all recently analyzed female malignancies (5,378) in year 2010(2). The ASR was 24.9/100,000 of female populace. Riyadh was one of the uppermost ASR at 30.6/100,000(2). In Saudi Arabia, half of new breast cancer cases happen in womens beyond 52 age(3). There are numerous risk factors that promote breast cancer. One of the greatest risk factor is age (1). The additional risk factors can be: 1. Genetic risk factors. 2. Individual or family breast cancer history. 3. Prior radiation to chest. 4. Women who have had no kids or after age of 3 had their first child. 5. Control of birth. 6. The use ofShow MoreRelatedCsr Communication in the Pharma Industry35538 Words   |  143 Pagesinvestigation focuses on Corporate Social Responsibility. The aim is to evaluate why companies engage in CSR, and to understand the strategies these firms implement in order to address stakeholders’ expectations. In order to reach an understanding on these issues, the pharmaceutical industry is analyzed, with special focus on pharmaceutical wholesalers and service providers within the pharmaceutical industry. 1.2. Problem statement Taking all this information under consideration, this research aims to exploreRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSoftware In-Basket Exercise 43 PART I 1 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 45 DEVELOPING SELF-AWARENESS SKILL ASSESSMENT 46 Diagnostic Surveys for Scale Self-Awareness 46 Self-Awareness Assessment 46 Emotional Intelligence Assessment 47 The Defining Issues Test 48 v Cognitive Style Indicator 52 Locus of Control Scale 52 Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale 54 Core Self-Evaluation Scale (CSES) 56 SKILL LEARNING 57 Key Dimensions of Self-Awareness 57 The Enigma of Self-Awareness 58 The Sensitive Line 58Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesorganizational behavior. This is one of the most comprehensive and thorough revisions of Organizational Behavior we’ve undertaken, and while we’ve preserved the core material, we’re confident that this edition reflects the most important research and topical issues facing organizations, managers, and employees. Key Changes to the Fifteenth Edition †¢ The most substantial updating ever. The following sections of each chapter are new to the fifteenth edition: †¢ Opening Vignette †¢ Myth or Science? †¢ Ethical

IT Ethics for Relationships with Robots- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theIT Ethics for Relationships with Robots. Answer: In the Future, Humans Will Form Romantic Relationships with Robots The ethical and the morality theories assist a person in judging the morality of an action. They provide framework through which an action can be judged regarding whether it is right or wrong. With the advent of computer and the internet, a large number of ethical issues have arisen; therefore, a separate subsection of the IT ethics has emerged which has controlled the unethical and criminal instances in cyberspace. In the present, the ethical issue of robot-human relationships has been explored with different ethical theories. In the present, the major ethical theories are utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics and social contract ethics. These theories provide different frameworks for the analysis of the ethical issues and have conflicting philosophies. However, the major essence of these theories is to make world a better place to live and exist. The artificial intelligence and the robots have become an integral part of the daily lives of the human beings. Now, the robots are able to perform most of the functions which previously can be performed only by the humans. It has raised the question that whether they would also be able to develop relationships with other human beings, which are either platonic or romantic in nature. Several movies like Her and Ex Machina have been made on the premise of human-robot relationships. A recent study by IEEE stated that by 2050 most of the people will prefer to develop romantic relationships with robot (Rozenfeld, 2016). It is supported by the fact that the robots can be programed to behave in the desired manner and adopt a certain behavior and lifestyle. They will neither complain nor nag their partners. However, the premise of human-robot relationship creates certain ethical dilemma as relationship can only be developed with other human beings. Moreover, although the modern robots are e quipped with high intelligence, they do not have the emotional quotient to love someone back. The formation of such relationships will only impact negatively on the society and the human beings. The utilitarian theory states that an action should be judged according to its consequences on the society and different stakeholders. The utilitarian theory states that the major criteria to judge the morality of an action should be based on its consequences on the society. According to the utilitarian theory, all the actions are morally correct which have a positive impact on the society. It is one of the oldest and the most popular moral theory (Barrow, 2015). It is based on the utility principle which states that the justification of an action should be based on its utility for the society. The impact of an action on different stakeholders of the society is examined and the overall impact on the society is evaluated. If the action has an overall positive impact on the society than it could be categorized as amorally correct action. In opposite case, the action could be categorized as morally incorrect action (Mill, 2006). According to this theory, the premise of human-robot relationship is unethical as it will have negative impact on the society. It will lead to the development of relationships which are not reciprocal in nature as the robots will not be able to reciprocate feelings for the humans. If the married people or people in relationship initiate a relationship with the robots, it can have negative impact on the other partner. Moreover, it can also increase the number of sexual predators as they would be able to realize their whims (Lin, 2016). Generally, although it may assist the people in form long-lasting relationships, it will have a severe negative impact on the society. Similarly, the deontological ethics state that the morality of an action could be judged by its adherence to certain rules. In all the cultures and society, several actions are considered as morally wrong. People should not indulge in such courses of action if they desire to follow ethical conduct. The premise of the human-robot relationship is new; however, no culture promoted excessive attachment or feelings for the materialistic things. Moreover, the human-robot relationship cannot be regarded as a relationship as the robots will never be able to love humans back. The virtue ethics is another major category of ethics which states that the people form ethic according to their surroundings and upbringing. A child form certain ethical values and principles in the initial years of his development. Later, all his actions are guide by these principles. Along with it, this theory states that a person judges all the actions by these pre-formed notions. It can be critiqued that forming relationships with robots will increase the instances of infidelity among the humans which is prohibited in all the cultures and the society. It will have a negative impact on the partners and reduces the trust in the relationships. It can be critiqued that the promoting these relationships will adversely impact on the culture and the society (Timmons, 2012). The social contract theory also discourages the human-robot relationships. The fundamental of this theory is that the people form contracts with their relations and society. Their behavior is dependent upon the contracts formed with different members of the society (Hinman, 2012). It is a very old theory which states that an individuals moral obligations are dependent upon the contract or agreement formed with different parts of the society. It elaborates how the law and state influences the individual. This theory stated that the desire for safety or security can be fulfilled by collective agreement with the society (Sher, 2012). However, the social contract theory is formed when all the members of the society are humans. If robots become a part of the society, it will change the dynamics of the social contract theory. Moreover, forming relationships with the robots will not provide the same sense of security and safety to the humans. The human relationships cannot be substituted as the humans have souls. Although the scientists can increase the intelligence level of the robots, they cannot provide them with the soul which is essential on forming relationships. Moreover, the use of robots for romantic relationships will result in fake relationships as the robots will not have feelings towards them (Robertson, 2014). The human interaction is an important part of an individuals life; however, encouraging such relationships will decrease it and adversely impact on the quality of human life. It could be critiqued that the action of human-robot relation may raise a number of ethical issues in the near future. Although the premise of human robot relationship looks promising as it provides opportunity to the humans to develop relationships with personality which are programmable and changeable. However, it raises several ethical questions as the relationships thus formed will not be ethical. The prospect of human-robot relationships increases the chances of criminal activities. The essay has discussed how the action is morally incorrect when examined through different types of ethical theories. References Rozenfeld, M. (2016). In the Future, Humans Will Form Romantic Relationships With Robots. The IEEE Source. Retrieved 11 May 2017 from https://theinstitute.ieee.org/ieee-roundup/members/achievements/in-the-future-humans-will-form-romantic-relationships-with-robots Lin, P. (2016). Relationships with Robots: Good or Bad for Humans? Forbes. Retrieved 11 May 2017 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/patricklin/2016/02/01/relationships-with-robots-good-or-bad-for-humans/#30e281a37adc Welsh, S. (2015). What Exactly Are The Ethics of Robot Love? Science Alert. Retrieved 11 May 2017 from https://www.sciencealert.com/deus-sex-machina-the-ethics-of-robot-love Robertson, E. (2014). What are the ethics of human-robot relationships? The Guardian. Retrieved 11 May 2017 from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jan/27/what-are-the-ethics-of-human-robot-relationships Mill, J.S. (2006). Utilitarianism. ReadHowYouWant.com. Barrow, R. (2015). Utilitarianism: A Contemporary Statement. Routledge. Timmons, M. (2012). Moral Theory: An Introduction. Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Sher, G. (2012).Ethics: Essential Readings in Moral Theory. Routledge. Hinman, L.M. (2012). Ethics: A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory. Cengage Learning.